Understanding Adult Degenerative Scoliosis

Most people are familiar with teenagers affected by scoliosis, a condition of unknown origin in which the spine curves sideways.

Approximately 2% of adolescents have idiopathic scoliosis. However, adult scoliosis is becoming an increasingly common topic of discussion among allied health professionals. What is Degenerative Scoliosis?

Age-related degenerative scoliosis develops when the spine begins to curve sideways as a result of wear and tear on the spinal discs and joints. This curvature is often accompanied by rotation of the vertebrae and surrounding structures.

You may notice subtle signs, such as an uneven waistline when wearing a t-shirt or a slight tilt in your shoulders. Degenerative scoliosis is more common in women aged 40 to 60, particularly during the hormonal changes associated with menopause. What many people don’t realise is that it can affect up to 40–60% of adults over the age of 60.

As the spinal discs degenerate over time, the vertebrae can lose shape and height unevenly, creating imbalance and strain throughout the spine, muscles, and ligaments. The curvature can be further intensified by conditions such as osteoporosis and facet joint degeneration. Over time, this may contribute to noticeable postural changes and balance difficulties.

Common Symptoms of Scoliosis

• Lower back and mid-spine (thoracic) pain

• Increased stiffness

• Pain radiating down one or both legs

• Breathing difficulties due to rib curvature

• Visible changes in posture or body alignment

Physiotherapy Management

An EOS scan (a low-dose, weight-bearing X-ray) is highly recommended to evaluate the spinal curve in three dimensions. This allows your physiotherapist to assess muscle length, overall strength, and joint involvement with greater accuracy.

There is growing evidence that therapeutic exercise can help reduce or slow the progression of spinal curvature. One specialised technique is Rotational Abdominal Breathing, which helps expand compressed areas, improve lung function, and activate deep spinal stabilisers. Once a patient develops awareness and control of their spinal movement, specific strengthening exercises are introduced to reinforce improved posture and engage supporting muscles. Over time, new movement patterns are developed to prevent a return to old habits.

A well-structured, progressive program combining strengthening and stretching can help slow or reverse the progression of curvature and related symptoms. Additional treatments may include joint mobilisation, soft tissue therapy, and dry needling to relieve stiffness and muscle fatigue.

Staying Healthy

Remaining active is essential for maintaining flexibility, mobility, and overall musculoskeletal health. Regular movement, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep all contribute to a healthier spine. In contrast, inactivity can worsen pain and spinal degeneration while increasing curvature. It may also lead to other health issues such as weight gain, fatigue, and reduced ability to participate in daily activities.

Work With an Expert

While physiotherapy can’t cure scoliosis, it can play a vital role in slowing its progression and improving quality of life. Early detection and intervention are key. The sooner scoliosis is identified, the better the outcomes.

This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice; always consult a qualified healthcare provider for personalised care.

For all your health and rehabilitation needs, check out Peak Physio in Newcastle, Rutherford and Budgewoi

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